Temperature controlling system



March 18, 1947. N. ERLAND AF'KLEEN 2;4'175761` maremma conTnoLLmG 'ssru l Filed latch 13, 1941 Y 4 Sheets-'Sheet VIl.

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56 57 16a 16, 7! .73av` E LA Arron/m 18, 1947. v N ERLAND AF KLEN 2,417,761

TEMPERATURE 4cormzomm SYSTEM Marchl, 1947.- N. ERLAND AF KLEYEN I TEIPBRATURE CONTROLLING SIST Filed lawn 1s. 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 fr l 1l l 'lNvENrolL Iz/JEriand @Klee/z BY @l We /vb Arron/VH March 18,1947. N. ERLAND AF LE-EN 2,417,161

TEMPERATURE CONTROLLING SYSTEM INVENTOR. 'lf Er/mza @Hee/a BY W Aw Arron/ver atented ar. 18, iSd

TEMERATURE CNTROLLING SYSTEM Nils Erland ai Kleen, Stockholm, Sweden, as-

signor to Kleen Refrigerator, Inc., Hoboken, `N. J., a corporation of Delaware Application March 13, 1941, Serial No. 383,123

2 ciaims. (ci. 252-3) i This invention relates to new and useful improvements in a combined heating and cooling system for a mass, body, room, space or the like, adapted to maintain a predetermined temperature condition therein at substantially a constant level where the conditions outside said mass, etc., are variable between points relatively higher and relatively lower than the said constant level, the present invention being directed more particularly to a system of control for selectively controlling the heating and cooling of the mass and for regulating the amount of such heating and cooling.

The present invention consists in a control system having a plurality of control members responsive to the temperature conditions in the mass or the like being controlled and to the tein perature conditions outside the said mass, for selectively controlling the heating and cooling of said mass in accordance with temperature variations therein, and for regulating the amount of such heating or cooling in accordance with the temperature variations outside the said mass.

The invention consists also in a control system of this character, responsive to the temperature conditions inside and outside the mass being controlled, wherein all of the control members of the system are centralized to provide a unitary controlling device with only the separate thermostat impulse lines leadingto the different points inside and outside the mass, to be influenced by the diiierent .temperature conditions.

The invention consists further in a control sys- 'tem 'having a plurality of thermostat members i of like character designate similar parts throughout the several views,

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a temperature regulating installation consisting of a cornibincd heating and -coolingsystem including heating means and cooling means for an enclosed. space or the like. Ithe operation of the heating and cooling means being selectively controlled and the amount of heating and cooling being 55' regulated by a unitary control device in accord,- ance with the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of an air conditioning unit for a room or the like, wherein the heating and cooling systems of the unit are selec tively controlled by a unitary control device such as that shown in Fig. 1, and wherein the cooling system is an absorption refrigerating unit arranged outside the room being controlled.

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 but with the heating and cooling systems arranged within the room being controlled; and

Fig. 4 is a' similar view of a modiiied form o air conditioning unit wherein the cooling system comprises a pair of intermittent absorption refrigerating units operating in alternate phase to one another.

In the drawings, referring iirst to Fig. i, the temperature controlling installation diagrammatically. illustrated comprises a heating plant and a cooling plant generally indicated at li-and i2, respectively, the former shown as including a pair of heating units i3 and ifi of respectively dierent capacities, and the latter including al pair of cooling units i5 and it, also of respectively different capacities. From heating unit i3 the heating medium iiows through conduit line ita, into conduit il, and into line it leading to a bank of coils i9 arranged in the enclosed space it, while from heating unit it the heating medium ows through conduit line ida, into conduit il, and into line i3 to the bank of coils i9.

From cooling unit i5, the cooling medium flows through conduit line i511., into conduit 20, and

into line 2i leading to a second bank of coils 22 arranged in the enclosed space it adjacent coils i9, and from cooling unit le, the cooling medium hows through conduit line ita, into conduit it, and into line 2i leading to the coils 222. A motordriven fan assembly 23 arrangedy adjacent the coils it and 22, operates to circulate air from 'outside the mass l@ through the coils and into the space l@ by way of an air duct F in whichy the coils i9 and 22 are disposed.

For convenience, the heating and cooling plants il and l2, respectively, have been shown as electrically operated, but obviously any other suitable form of energy may be utilized. In the form shown in Fig. 1, the operation of units i3 r and i5 is controlled selectively by a thermostat switch arrangement generally indicated as A, responsive to the temperature conditions inside the space l0, while the operation of units it and it is similarly controlled by a separate thermostat switch arrangement B responsive to the temperature conditions. outside the said space. Switch arrangement A comprises a switch lever 24, fulcrumed intermediate its ends as at 25 and carrying anelectrode 23 adjacent its upper end connected to the minus line of the source of electricity, which electrode cooperates with a pair of xed Velectrodes 21 and 23 disposed on opposite sides of the switch lever 24, to make and break the circuit to the units I3 and I5, respectively. switch lever 24 cooperates with a second pair of xed electrodes 30 and 3l also arranged on opposite sides of thelswitch lever, for controlling the circuit to the fan assembly 23 during the operation of the positive and negative energy plants Il and l2. d

The switch lever 24 cooperates at its upper end with valve stems 32 and 33, the former actuating valve 34 for controlling the flow of heating medium to the coils I9 and the latter actuating valve 35 for controlling the ow oi cooling medium to the coils 22. A

The switch lever 24 is rockable on its fulcrum 25 from one position to the other by means of a reciprocatable transverse operating rod i'movable in one direction by coil spring 31 and in the opposite direction by bellows diaphragm 38 responsive to a fiuid pressure system 39 inuenced by the temperature conditions inside the `space i0.

It will thus be seen that upon a rise in temperature conditions in the space III above the predetermined level for which the switch arrangement A has been set, the bellows diaphragm 38 will rock switch lever 24 on its fulcrum 25 in a direction to bring electrode 28 into contact with electrode 28 to energize the cooling uni* l5. Simultaneously, the switch lever actuatiI 'if yfle L. to permit the cooling medium to flow from conduits 20 and 2l into the coils 22 and the second electrode 29 on the switch lever 24 will be brought into contact with the electrode 3l! to energize the fan assembly 23.

Upon a drop in' temperature conditions in the space I below the predetermined level, the pressure in the fluid pressure system 39 will corresponding-ly drop and switch lever 24 will be rocked in the opposite direction by the spring 31 so that the electrode 26 will thenI contact electrode 21 to energize the heating unit I3; the lever will actuate valve 34 to permit the ilow of heating 4 medium through conduits I1 and IB to thecoil I9, and electrode 29 will contact electrode 3| to energize the fan assembly 23.

The amount of heating or cooling medium delivered to the respective coils I9 and 22 is regulated by switch arrangement B comprising a fulcrumed switch lever 40 operatively connected to a transverse reciprocatable rod 4I movable in one direction by coil spring 42, and in the opposite direction by a bellows diaphragm 43 responsive to a uid pressure system 44 influenced by the temperature conditions outside the space I9. The switch lever 40 terminates at one end in an enlarged head 45 disposed between a pair of arms 46 and 41 pivotally mounted on opposite sides of the switch lever and normally urged toward one another by springs 48 and 49, respectively. The free end of each of the pivoted arms 46 and 41 carries a control member 50 and 5I, respectively, the former connected to the conduit I1 and the latter connected to conduit 29. Control member 50 is adapted to cooperate with a pair of compleymentary members 52 and 53 connected to conduits I3a and l4a, respectively, for progressively varying the amount of heating medium flowing A second electrode 29 carried by the from the heating plant Il into the conduit I1. Control member 5| cooperates with a similar pair of complementary members 54 and 55 connected to conduits I5a and Ilia, respectively, for progressively varying the amount of cooling medium ilowing from the cooling plant I2 into conduit 20. Each of the pivoted arms 46 and 41 carries a contact brush 56 and 51, respectively, cooperating with a separate pair of electrodes 58 and 59 to close the .circuit to the corresponding units I4 and I6 when the control members 50 and 5l of the respective arms 46 and 41 are moved into engagement with their complementary members 53 and 55.

The operation of the switch arrangement B is believed obvious from the foregoing description,l it being clear that for gradually dropping temperature conditions outside the space I0 -below the predetermined level being maintained in said space, switch lever 40 will be rocked in one direction by the spring 42 against the iiuid pressure system 44, to move the control mem-ber on the pivoted arm 45, iirst across the complementary member 52 to permit the flow of an increasing amount of heating medium through the conduit |3a into conduit I1 to be delivered to the coils I9, and then acrossA member 53 to permit the flow of a further increasing amount of heating medium through the conduit No to be delivered to the coils. For gradually rising tem-l erature conditions outside the space II) above the predetermined level being maintained therein, the switch lever 40 will be rocked in the opposite direction by the fluid Vpressure system 44 against the spring 42, when control member 5I on the pivoted arm 46 will first be moved across the complementary. member 54 and then across member vto permit the flow of a progressively increasing amount of cooling medium, rst from cooling unit I5 and then from cooling unit I5 of the cooling plant I2.

In order to vary the settings of the switch arrangements A and B for diierent temperature conditions to be .maintained in space Ill, I employ a common regulator comprising a movable yoke member 60 cooperating with the springs 31 and 42, to adjust the loading pressures of the latter against the fluid pressure systems 39 and 44. The yoke member 60 is in turn loaded by coil spring 6I, the pressure of which is regulatable by a threaded adjusting nut 62.

It will thus be seen that I have provided a control system responsive to the temperature conditions inside the space I0 being controlled as well as to the temperature conditions outside the said space for selectively determining the kind of medium, that is heating or cooling to be supplied and for regulating the amount of such medium required to maintain substantially constant predetermined temperature conditions in Y the space Il) for either relatively higher or lower temperature conditions outside the said space.

Furthermore, the control members (thermostats A and B) of the control system herein disclosed are centralized to form a unitary device that can be located at any convenient point and, by simple adjustment of the threaded nut 62, car. be set for the maintenance of different temperature conditions in the space I0.

In Fig. 2, the unitary control device heretofore described is generally indicated as 69 and is shown applied to an air conditioning unit comprising a refrigerating system and a heating system disposed outside a room or space I0 being controlled, for delivering cooling and heating med-ia, respectivelyf to corresponding cooling and heating members 22a and 19a located inside the room or pace l0 being controlled. The refrigerating system may beof any well known type such, for example, as compressor, adsorption or absorption, either continuous or intermittent, having one or more operating units, that shown in Fig. 2 being a single unit of the absorption type including a generator 10, adapted to be heated for the circulationv of the refrigerant through outlet conduit 1|, condenser 12, conduit 13, cooling member 22a, (evaporator) return conduit 14, and other well known parts necessary in a continuous absorption system such as an absorber vessel, heat exchanger, etc., (not shown) as they form no 'part ofthe present invention. i

The heating system may also be of any well known type. that is, direct or indirect system orsystems utilizing steam, hot water, air, or any other suitable heating iiuid, heated by electricity, gas, oil, etc. For simplicity, I have shown a direct heating system utilizing gas as the fuel for a gas burner 15 generating hot gases which may be delivered either to the heating member 19a by way ci flue conduit 16 or to the generator 10 of the refrigerating system by way of ue conduit 11. Preferably the generator and the ue conduits 16 and 11 are surrounded by insulating material to prevent heat losses. The passage'of the hot gases into the flue conduit 16 and 11 is selectively controlled by -a pivoted valve plate 13 cperatively'connected to a reciprocatable rod i3 actuated by the thermostat A of the unitary control device 69 responsive to the temperal ture inside the room It. The thermostat B of the control device aetuates a valve (not shown) interposed in the gas supply line 80 to regulate the amount of gas iiowing to the gas burner 15 in accordance with thetemperature outside the room it.

Asin the case of the installation shown in Fig. 1, a motor driven fan assembly 2li controlled by the thermostat A of the control device t9, op

' crates to circulate air over the heating and cool ing members 19a and 22a. If desired, the amount v of air drawn by the fan assembly 23 from outside set int@ operation to deliver the refrigerant to.

the cooling member 22a to thereby lower the temperature in the room iii. The amount of refrigerant delivered to the cooling member 22 is dependent upon. the amount of heat supplied to the generator 1i! by the burner 15 and this is controlled by the thermostat B responsive to the conditions outside the room i@ which regulates the amount of gas supplied to the burner. In other words, for ay gradual rise in temperature outside the room lli, a correspondingly increasing amount of gas is supplied to the burner 'it with the result that a progressively increasing amount of refrigerant is delivered by the refrigerating system to the cooling member 22a.

When the temperature in the room it falls below the predetermined level for which the control device tt has been set, the thermostat A will actuate valve plate 18 to shut ofi the conduit i1 and permit the hot gases to pass into conduit 16 to heat the heating member 19a and raise the temperature in the room I0. A

It will thus be seen that the control device in this form of the invention selectively controls the operation of the heating and refrigerating systems in response to the temperature conditions inside the room I0 and regulates the amount of heating medium or refrigerant delivered by the corresponding system'in response to the temperature conditions outside the room.

The air conditioning unit illustrated in Fig. 3 is similar to that just described in connection with Fig. 2 with the exception that the generator 10 of the refrigerating system and the burner 15 are arranged inside the room I0, the air cooled condenser 12 and portions of the connecting conduit 1I and 13 being the :only parts located outside the room.

In Fig. 4, I have shown another form of air conditioning unit wherein the refrigerating system comprises `a pair of absorption units of .the inf termittent type arranged adjacent o ne another in the room I0 and operating in alternate phase i to each other. Inasmuch as both absorption units are similar in all respects, only one of the 'of expelling the same during the generating phase units will be described by reference characters,v

the other unit being distinguished by the primel 'of the numeral.

Each absorption unit shown has a primary system for the circulation of the refrigerant used to cool the room l0 and consists of the usual boiler absorber 90 containing any suitable absorbent material capable of absorbing the gaseous refrigerant during the absorption phase and operations of the unit, condenser 9|, accumulator 92 and evaporator 93, thelatter shown in the form of coils provided with iins or other heat dissipatf ing members, to deliver cold to the room ill.

Each absorption unit also has a secondary system for the circulation of a cooling medium to cool the boiler absorber for the absorption phase operation of the unit and consists of a boiler absorber jacket Sil, secondary condenser 95 which may be common to both units, and collecting tank 95 also common torboth units.

For the generating phase operation of the units, each boiler absorber is adapted to be heated by any suitable means, that shown in the drawing consisting of a gas burner 1th adapted to deliver hot gases through a pair of ues 91 and 91', which extend centrally through the boiler absorbers @it and 9d', respectively.

The operation oi the units from one phase to the other is automatically controlled by a thermostat switch arrangement designated generallyas at responsive to huid pressure systems 99 and 99 in thermal contact with the corresponding boiler absorber 9d, 96. Switch arrangement $18 actuates a pair of valves (not shown) for con`1 trolling the circulation of the cooling medium in the secondary cooling system to the corre-l sponding boiler absorber jacket 91S, 9d' yfor the f absorption phase operation of the units. Switchl arrangement @t also actuates a pivoted valve plate lil@ arranged in the ues 91, 91', to control ated by the gas burner 75h. In this form of the invention, the burner is pivotally mounted and is swung from a, position in line with the nues Si and 97' supplying heat to the refrigerating system, to a position in line with the iiue 1Gb supplying heat to the heatingsystern, and vice versa, by means of a reciprocatable rod 19h actuated by the thermostat A of the control device 69h responsive to the temperature inside the room i0. The amount of gas supplied to the burner 15b through gas line 80 is automatically regulated by the thermostat B of the control device, responsive to the conditions outside the room l0.

For convenience in illustrating the Various parts of the refrigerating system,'the air ductV F surrounding the heating member I9b and the cooling members 93, 93', and the fan assembly 23 are shown entirely within the room l0. However, the inlet end of the duct F is shown communicating with `a transverse duct or opening T for the entrance of outside air into the room I0.

It will be seen from the above description oi? the several adaptations of the invention that there is provided a unitary control device which may be located either within the room or the like being controlled, or adjacent the heating and cooling units of the system, or in fact at any convenient place, Vwith only the thermostat impulse lines for the controlling members leading 1. In a temperature controlling system in'- cluding means forming an enclosed space Whose temperature is to be controlled; the combination of absorption type refrigerating apparatus for means; and means responsive to outside air tem perature for regulating the amount of heated iiuid flowing from said source.

2.. In a temperature controlling system including means forming an enclosed space whose temperature is to be controlled; the combination of cooling apparatus for said space including two units of respectively different capacities, heating apparatus for said space including two unitsl of respectively different capacities, means responsive to the temperature in said enclosed space selectively controlling the operation oi the lower capacity units of the heating and cooling apparatus, and means responsive to the temperature outside said enclosed space selectively controlling the operation of the higher capacity units of the heating and cooling apparatus.

NILS ERLAND AF KLEEN.

REFERENCES crrsn The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS 

